A Fraternity of Arms American France in the Great War Essay Example

A Fraternity of Arms American France in the Great War Essay The First World War, also called the Great War would shake-up then existing power equations within Europe and prime the region for the Second World War two decades later. While America’s participation in the latter was more substantial than the former, it nevertheless played a crucial supportive role to its conventional allies. It’s support to the French cause would prove to be a major factor in the eventual outcome of the war. Robert Bruce’s book titled The Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War traces this alliance and places it in the historical, political, ideological and imperialist contexts. (Thesis) Carefully researched and meticulously documented, the book offers new insights into officially recognized events and behind-the-scene realpolitik manoeuvrings during the war. More importantly, it is unique in terms of its historiography, adding new dimensions to the study of history. Where the book diverges from other works on the subject is in its emphasis on the Franco-American alliance as opposed to the Anglo-American one. While Britain was witnessing a period of unprecedented prosperity and power during the beginning of the twentieth century and its connection to the United States goes two centuries further back, it was the alliance with France which was strategically important in the context of the Great War[1]. This thesis goes against the grain and is seems non-viable at the outset. And for precisely this reason that the book assumes its relevance in the annals of modern history. Further to the credit of the author, a satisfactory compilation and synthesis of facts is achieved in the work. We will write a custom essay sample on A Fraternity of Arms American France in the Great War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Fraternity of Arms American France in the Great War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Fraternity of Arms American France in the Great War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The anecdotal (yet factual) style of Robert Bruce can come across as casual at places. At other places, the reader can sense digressions from the main narrative. This technique is deceptively simple and adds richness and relief to what could otherwise be a boring discourse. What it also does is capturing the social and political ‘atmosphere’ of the time that a straightforward historical account would not. The following passage from the first chapter of the book is a good example: â€Å"Although there were numerous exceptions, one cannot help but be struck by the disproportionate number of wealthy and educated young men from elite American families who served in the Foreign Legion and in the Escadrille Lafayette during World War I. Tall burly, mustachioed Willam Thaw came from a wealthy Pittsburgh family and had studied briefly at Yale, among other elite universities, before learning to fly in 1913and living the life of a millionaire playboy piloting a flying boat on the French Riviera. When the war came, Thaw, eager for a new adventure, joined the foreign Legion and was instrumental in recruiting other Americans to join, Thaw was later one of the chief organizers, and original pilots, of the Escadrille Lafayette.†[2] Bruce also reiterates the shared ideological basis of the two countries that goes back to the Declaration of Independence on July the fourth, 1776. The installation of the Statue of Liberty in Ellis Island, off the banks of New York, as well as the adoption of the democratic ideals of ‘Equality, Fraternity and Liberty’ into the American constitution are enduring symbols of this shared heritage. It is for these commonalities that American public were in unison with their elected representatives’ decision to join the war[3]. At the beginning of the Great War, most of the American public was aloof to events on the other side of the Atlantic. But gradually, the shared ideological underpinnings between the United States and France proved to be an important factor in turning around public opinion in a quick time. This assessment is also concurred by the Good Reads review: â€Å"Contrary to the popular belief that relations between France and the United States hav e been tenuous or tendentious at best, Bruce reminds us that less than a century ago French and American soldiers fought side by side in a common cause not just as allies and brothers-in-arms, but as true friends.†[4] Another interesting facet to the book is its contrast from works by French historians such as Y.H.Nouailhat and A.Kaspi. Written from a Franco-centric perspective, the emphasis in these works was laid on broader aspects of the war, with American involvement given only moderate coverage. In the case of Kaspi, the focus is on official developments and military strategies with respect to American participation. In other words, one of his treatises is on the success of the â€Å"amalgamation† between the American Expeditionary Force and its French and British counterparts and the extent to which these erstwhile separate entities co-operated and coordinated with each other so as to win the war. Bruce takes up this facet of the war in his book as well and deals with it in much greater depth. But as opposed to Kaspi, Bruce peruses personal letters of American soldiers, etc, and presents the war from their perspective. The employment of this conceptual framework – sometim es classified together with subaltern studies – is a distinctly modern phenomenon in terms of historiography[5]. And Robert Bruce does justice to this genre of history writing through detailed and coherent accounts of the Great War from bottom-up. In the prevailing diplomatic strains between the two great democracies, it is easy to forget that they were once best of allies. And reading the book in the backdrop of the fall-off between the two sides in the wake of Iraq War, adds new perspectives to the current situation. For example, the former French Premier, Jacques Chirac openly expressed his displeasure with America’s decision to unilaterally engage with Saddam Hussein’s brutal dictatorship. Chirac’s sentiments were typical of many leaders in Europe, excepting Britain (which is reflexively and perpetually in agreement with the only superpower). Following this fall-off, many jokes were circulated on both sides, criticizing and mocking the other. For example American fast food joints renamed ‘French Fries’ as ‘Freedom Fries’, suggesting that somehow France was against freedom and civil liberties. If anything, by violating the sovereignty of a country that was not a realistic threat, it is the United States which has undermined freedom. So, Fraternity of Arms radiates optimism in these present despairing times for the Franco-American alliance. Upon assimilating the contents of the book, especially the spirit and camaraderie shared by soldiers from two sides of the Atlantic, one can start seeing the present impasse as temporary. Professor Bruce also deals with controversial aspects of the amalgamation. Indeed, one of the merits of the book is its sustenance of an element of intrigue and suspense as events unravel in the war. During the early months of 1918 the amalgamation controversy assumed its peak and it became uncertain whether Britain would receive any American help at all. As reviewer David Watson neatly observes, â€Å"British reserves of manpower had not been as completely exhausted as had the French, but British preponderance in shipping gave her government a strong hand of cards: was it reasonable that British ships should transport over half of the American forces to Europe, only for them all to be devoted to supporting the French army? Nevertheless, apart from small-scale emergency relief to the British forces, it remained the case that the American Expeditionary Force worked with the French, and not with the British armies. It is one of the major contributions of this book to state this so clearly and unequivocally.†[6] Bruce also takes pains in explaining that the ultimate victory for the Western powers was ‘only’ made possible due to their superior cohesion and coordination – something which their enemies could not achieve. So, despite America’s Navy being very weak, its supply of troops to the Western cause was a decisive factor. And their successful integration under British and French command had what made it possible. Also, it is the mark of a good researcher to not take sides in his analysis and to abstain from making moral judgments about agents in conflict. This is certainly true of Robert Bruce, whose book does not in anyway emphasise the moral superiority of the Western cause. The same cannot be said of the accounts of the war that emerged from Germany.

The Earths orbit and Other Astronomical Phenomena Affect the Earths

The Earths orbit and Other Astronomical Phenomena Affect the Earths Jungner emphasises (1) the earth’s orbit and other astronomical phenomena will continue affecting the earth’s long term climate. The research focuses on the effect of the distance between the sun and the earth on the earth’s long term climate. The research focuses on the relationship between the distance between the moon and the sun on the earth’s long term climate.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Earths orbit and Other Astronomical Phenomena Affect the Earth’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study includes the relationship of the sun’s temperature on the earth’s long term climate. The research includes the relationship of the tilt in the earth’s axis on varying long term climate situations. The earth’s long term climate is affected by the earth’s orbit, sun, moon and other astronomical phenomena. The same author proposes the variations i n the earth’s orbit and the diverse positions of the earth in relation to the sun triggers varying cycles of solar energy. Further, the earth’s climate is divided into four seasons. The varying degrees of solar energy hitting the earth’s surface influence the four seasons; the tilting of the earth’s axis triggers long term climate change. During the winter months, the nation is under a blanket of snow. During the summer months, the nation is under the hot summer sun. On other months, the autumn leaves start to fall. In addition, the elliptical orbit of the earth creates climate changes. The varying distances between the sun and the earth during different times of the year generate different climate conditions. Daniel Shepardson (85301) theorised the current distance between the earth and the sun is between 147 million kilometers to 152 kilometers. The distance falls under the eccentricity orbit theory. The earth’s climate is hottest when the sun if nearest the earth. On the other hand, the earth’s climate is coolest when the sun is farthest from the earth. Further, Shepardson (85301) opined the location of each nation creates unique climate variances when compared to the climate in other nations located around the world. The earth’s orbit does not cause winter nights in places dominated by hot arid deserts. There are places on earth where people have not felt the freezing snow climate. The tilt of the earth’s axis causes varying degrees of summer heat. The same tilt triggers diverse freezing conditions. For example, the northern hemisphere winters are milder and the summers are normal. On the other hand, the Southern hemisphere communities experience colder winters and hotter summers. The changes in the sun’s heat temperature produce changes in the earth’s climate. A hotter sun temperature increases the earth’s temperature. A colder sun temperature precipitates to a lower earth temper ature.Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knudsen theorizes (261) the moon’s orbit and location affects the earth’s weather. The high tides and low tides are caused by the moon’s gravitational pull on the earths’ waters. The waves affect the climate of the earth. The change in the tides may cause tidal waves and other erratic wave movements. Consequently, the wave movements affect the climate. The 1,800 year ocean tide cycle clearly influences the earth’s climate. Based on the above discussion, the earth’s long term climate significantly influences by the earth’s orbit, sun, moon and other astronomical phenomena. The sun’s distance from the earth significantly influences the earth’s climate. The moon’s distance from the earth influences the earth’s climate. The temperature of the sun materially affect s the earth’s climate. The tilt of the earth’s axis creates diverse climates. Indeed, the earth’s orbit and other astronomical phenomena will continue influencing the earth’s long term climate. Jungner, H. Variations in The Cosmic Fluxes and Climate Change. Geomagnetism  and Aeronomy 30.5 (2009): 1-13. Print. Knudsen, P. Ocean Tides. Space Science Review 108.1 (2003): 261-270. Print Shepardson, D. Thermal Analysis and the Earths Climate. Journal of Thermal  Analysis and Calorimeter 21.8 (2010): 85301-95315. Print.

Persuasive Memo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive Memo - Research Paper Example On the side of the company, the Affordable Care Act helps the company to attract more employees. These employees will want to apply for jobs in the company, this is because they know that there is good health insurance policy. If the Act is not active, this potential manpower will not be interested in the company. It is also an advantage to the company as the existing manpower will continue to serve in the company. This is because they are aware of the health insurance. Increase in productivity will be experienced by the company. This is the other thing that the company will benefit from the Affordable Care Act. This will be experienced as the number of employees increase in the company. This is because there will be enough manpower in the company. The Act will also reduce the number of absentees. Many of the employees will never want to be absent as they are aware of the Act (Burkhauser, 32). When an employer thinks of changing the company’s system, she should think of the expenses she will have to come across. Changing the system to have part-time employees will cost a lot to the company as the employees will need training before they are effective to their respective jobs. This will raise a marginal cost even if the part-time employees don’t change the system (Burkhauser, 92). In this Act, there is the employers’ mandate. This is a penalty made for those employers who do not abide by these rules. These are employers who have 50 and above employees in their firms and working full-time while they are not having the health insurance. These are also those employers who have the intension if changing their current health insurance system. The employers’ mandate ensures that the existing systems of these companies don’t change. There is a suggestion that a system of pay to play will be introduced so as to have direct taxation on the companies that do not obey this act. This can be done by having a percentage o the payrolls (Faguet,

Retail Sector in the United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Retail Sector in the United Kingdom - Essay Example The investor companies also believe that Sainsbury share is undervalued and have the potential to show huge growth and reflect on the true price in the long run.   Consequently, the economic conditions of the country are heeling very slowly. The recent spending cuts by the government will impact the non-food sector which will show weak growth in the next few months. But the food sector will still show growth and therefore, Sainsbury and Morrison will still show positive growths.   The aim of this report is to provide the investor with the best company for the investment with sound argument and logical analyses. The report will briefly analyze the retail sector in the United Kingdom as well as the growth prospects in the future. This will be followed by the financial and share price analyses of the two chosen options: Sainsbury and Morrison. It also provides the recent economic and company announcements that are likely to be reflected on the stock investments of the FTSE. Finally, the report provides a concluding statement on the basis of the investor statements and financial analyses.   Ã‚  It also briefly goes into statements of the other market leaders: Tesco and Marks and Spencer, if and when needed. The report also takes into account the BSR-KPMG research on retail spending; also the relevant articles in the Reuters and Independent as well as the Bloomberg analyses.   The investor is looking for fairly small consistent returns in the short run but looks forward to huge capital gains in the long run. He is risk-prone and is not affected by small deviation on the exchange. He already owns Sainsbury shares worth GBP 25,000.   The Retail Sector in the United Kingdom has been flourishing at a rapid pace in the last decade.

Cultural Self-Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Cultural Self-Assessment - Assignment Example In this paper I will be looking at cultural self –awareness and the role it plays diversity competence. Every individual’s cultural background is very unique and important as it actually moulds our societal outlook. Various factors of cultural background come into play to influence the overall outcome of individuals in terms of cultural competence and outlook on society. The kind of setting out was brought up in is very influential in shaping their outlook on society. The environmental we grow up and live in, social-economic background, parental influence, culture and educational attainment are important factors within cultural background that roll into play to shape our outlook on society. Religion is another very important factor of cultural background shaping what we become in life as well as the outlook we take on society. The schools we go to, the neighbourhoods and the church we go to during childhood all influence what we became later in life. I personally was born and raised in Kuwait and indeed having left my home country to study abroad has actually taught me a lot in terms of cultural diversity. As a freshman in college I have to interact with fellow students from different parts of the world and a lot of cultural exchange takes place. I have learnt to appreciate the importance of cultural diversity and this is because I now realise that the world has a myriad of cultures and therefore expecting to live, work with or learn with just your own culture in the modern world is tantamount to cultural incompetence. Cultural competence training for me is therefore a very important aspect especially considering that I am a student in effect a future leader. Appreciating others, respecting their cultural identities, learning from them and embracing cultural diversity is what I want to achieve. I therefore value cultural competence and it is for the

Managing The Learning Environment Education Essay

Managing The Learning Environment Education Essay In terming behaviour as above one could imply that there is a wide variation in how learners conduct themselves in lessons; behaviour may be positive towards achieving learning goals, or as many teachers might fear behaviours negative towards the outcomes the teacher wants to achieve, (Cowley, 2010). Behaviour itself can be indicative of the environment that the learners are in. This can be interpreted as the physical classroom in which the learners are in, so one should consider the layout as an importance: a seating plan can ensure that the more talkative learners are spread out away from one another but may alienate others who need friendship groups to gain the confidence to speak out in lesson. Having plenty of light, preferably natural light through the windows, and colour, possibly in the form of posters, can create a feeling of positivity in the classroom and thus motivate learners to work, (Wallace, 2007). The learning environment can also be the culture of behaviour within the classroom. A classroom of talkative learners can be a noisy environment whereas a silent classroom may be an oppressive environment. Positive behaviours are at the root of a positive environment. Effective strategies for positive behaviours can be negotiated ground rules; getting the learners to agree on what is a reasonable rule means that they are much more likely to adhere to them Positive behaviours within the classroom such as participation in discussions, arriving on time or listening attentively all stem from the learners motivation to learn. Different learners are motivated in differing ways; however, one may draw parallel of a learner basic motivation to the first levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Learners will value their security so that they might survive in the classroom situation, (Petty, 2004). Therefore to encourage positive behaviours in the classroom these initial stages of motivation need to be catered for. Simple things such as having access to bottled water, being able to open the windows if too hot can easily meet the physiological needs of learners whilst knowing all the fire exit routes can meet the lower security needs. In considering what might be thought of as misbehaviour, McLean suggests that most are a function of poor or inappropriately directed motivation and that most problems result from self-determination, not self-esteem. He further suggests that in approach to misbehaviour one should recognise learners actively seek control and responsibility and that it is best to offer them an opportunity to achieve this, (McLean, 2009). Common forms of misbehaviour reported include: off-topic discussions during activities; talking when the instructor is talking; aggression such as responding to the teacher by cursing or learners may act out making jokes or trying to get the teacher off-task by asking leading questions, (Steward, 2008). It is suggested by strategists such as Wallace that these behaviours are rooted in underlying factors which vary from learner to learner but all link into the learners need for security, (Wallace, 2007). Wallace states that there are four big demotivators which can lead to disruption within the classroom, (Wallace, p11-16, 2007). She suggests that the first, fear, can be the root of behaviours such as refusal to participate in group discussion or in fact acting out as a class clown so as to move off-topic and away from what they could believe they are not clever enough to do. With these learners it is proposed that we should be approachable, and challenge the idea that smart isnt cool. These learners might feel that they could be set up to fail; we should avoid this and start where the learners are, (Wallace, p11-16, 2007). Fear may link to a further demotivator, previous negative experience. Here learners see the teacher as the enemy and find that winding up that teacher is easier than doing some work. To tackle this, an instructor might want to discourage passive learning and make the experience enjoyable. It is better to break down the tasks into attainable goals and aim to get th e learners thinking that they can be successful at learning, (Wallace, p11-16, 2007). Other learners can experience boredom as a demotivator causing them to move into off-topic discussions, often when the teacher is trying to hold a group discussion or give an explanation. Often this can be because the work is too easy for the learner or the lesson lack activity. With so many learners to cater for in a class, differentiation and strategies such as individual learning plans can be used to tackle boredom. Surprising the learners with frequent change in focus or activity can keep them engaged, whilst discovering their interests and building them into the sessions can further reduce the possibility of disruption, (Wallace, p11-16, 2007). Finally in the four demotivators discussed by Wallace learners may experience a loss of hope. These learners commonly will not want to participate in the lesson as they do not receive praise for their efforts or feel that the teacher has no interest in them; therefore a teacher may decide to praise the learner where ever possible in an attempt to demonstrate that they enjoy teaching the learner so that the learners confidence is boosted and lead them to participate more in the classroom, (Wallace, p11-16, 2007). It is often said that a noisy teacher has a noisy classroom; when one does not manage the behaviours of a class effectively misbehaviour can spread and positive behaviours can become extinct. It is a responsibility of the teacher to model the behaviours that they expect from their learners; it is in fact the teachers behaviours that can impact most on the resulting environment that they teach in, (Steward, 2008). Cowley suggests that behaviour management is about the building and sustaining of relationships with learners even when a learner has no interest in relating to you in return, (Cowley, 2010). One might imply that this is a humanist approach following Mayos (1933) theory of management; being aware of social needs and catering for them to ensure that learners collaborate with the class rules rather than work against them. Using the names of learners is much more likely to focus their attentions on what they are doing and understand you are aware of their misbehaviours. It has also been suggested that a behaviourist approach by teachers, such as methods promoted by Skinner in operant conditioning, can cause a greater impact on the learning environment. When one reinforces positive behaviours by using praise or rewards you demonstrate what is acceptable. Reinforcement can simply be the teacher giving a nod of the head in agreement. Frequent reinforcement in the early stages of learning, then at random or fixed intervals can aid the learning process significantly, (Reece and Walker, 2006). When approaching the management of behaviour certain guidelines are in place to help teachers make appropriate decisions. These range from legislation laid out by governing bodies to policies of the individual organisations. Legislation to consider in the management of behaviour within the learning environment, in relation to punishment of behaviours includes acts such as the Equality Act (2006). The Equality Act (2006), which has 9 areas protected by law, (age; disability; gender reassignment; marriage and civil partnership; pregnancy and maternity; race; religion or belief; sex; and sexual orientation), requires one to eliminate unlawful discrimination and harassment as well as promote inclusivity, (Ashmore et al., 2010). This means that should a teacher choose to use punishments in managing behaviour it must be done on an equal ground for every learner. Further to this the Department for Education states: In determining whether a punishment is reasonable, section 91 of the Education and Inspections Act 2006 says the penalty must be reasonable in all the circumstances and that account must be taken of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ requirements affecting them. (Department for Education, p5, 2012). Whilst one needs to manage behaviours in the classroom it is important to consider that issues are addressed to all learners which display the behaviour in the same manner. One rule for one, one rule for another will only re-enforce insecurity of a learner in your classroom. Learners can attribute punishment of their behaviour as discrimination in these areas; they may see challenges as a negative attitude towards them being an external, stable factor outside of their control and thus not change the behaviour but continue them as a manner of keeping their control of the situation and in their mind stay secure, (Steward, 2008). It is therefore apt to ensure one maintains discipline of smaller misbehaviours rather than letting them escalate to larger ones requiring further sanctions. Organisations will often layout their own guidelines for teachers in dealing with misbehaviour. Blackpool and the Fylde College requires learners to abide by a Code of Conduct which covers areas of behaviour such as respecting their fellow leaners and those working in the college environment to being committed to their choice of course and taking responsibility for their own learning, (Blackpool and the Fylde College, 2012). The college literature defines misconduct as: inappropriate and unacceptable behaviour which breaches the code of conduct whilst being a student attending this College (Blackpool and the Fylde College, p2, 2012) This may include minor breaches of the Code of Conduct such as lateness to sessions or failure to meet deadlines which are written on a Cause for Concern form and incorporated by the learners tutor into an action plan. Further breaches are escalated to a senior tutor who works in a second action plan and inform the learner further breaches will result in a formal procedure being implemented. The policy states that it is the responsibility of a learners tutor to meet with them should they breach the Code of Conduct and to agree a way forward. They are to create together an Action Plan to list the specific behaviours to be introduced/avoided. The policy encourages staff to support and encourage any student in changing their behaviour pattern towards one which co-operates with the Code of Conduct, (Blackpool and the Fylde College, 2012). The policy also states: Where a teacher feels that a students behaviour is detrimental to the work being carried out by the class, the teacher may exclude the student from the duration of the class. The teacher will report this action to the Head of School and record the decision on an appropriate form (SMP1). This temporary exclusion is meant to deal with minor student behaviour problems which require an immediate response (Blackpool and the Fylde College, 2012) Whilst one can appreciate that in an extreme circumstance you may feel that you have to ask a learner to leave, one should remember that there is the responsibility of safeguarding learners. If you ask them to leave, you cannot be sure where they will go to and with FE learners, a majority being between 16-19 years, there is a responsibility of being in loco parentis. The management of behaviour is key skill for any effective teacher so that their learners can get on with learning. A teacher is in the environment to teach but unless the behaviours that occur are dealt with effectively on cannot fulfil this role, (Cowley, 2010). One should remember that whilst behaviour management is something that teachers do have to deal with it is not what the entire focus of their practice should be.

a good man is hard to find :: essays research papers

â€Å"A good Man is Hard to Find† The reason a good man is hard to find is because if ones standards are to high their goal is almost impossible to reach. The grandmother’s mindset was still in the past she falls into the old southern woman stereotype. The Southern woman wanted a religious, upstanding southern gentleman and in this day and age that type of individual is hard to find. The grandmother has a strong faith in god and it affects every aspect of her life. The misfit doesn’t believe in god he believes that god through everything off balance by claming to raise the dead but no one can prove it so therefore he has no faith, this totally contradicts the grandmothers beliefs. What I drew from the statement â€Å"somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life† is that as soon as death was near, the old lady changed from a bitter old racist to an understanding and compassionate southern lady. This is a direct knock on southern life and how many older people in the south hide behind the faà §ade of religion and manners to disguise their racist and bitter ways. If someone had threatened her every minute of her life, then she could have been nice all the time, not just when it mattered. Poetry Paper The purpose of this project is to help you develop an appreciation of one author's ability to involve you in deep reading of literature. Write a 4-5 page paper on a short story or novel by a writer from the list below. (You may not choose a story we have discussed in class.) Pay careful attention to, and write in depth about,  · plot (don't simply retell the story)  · character development (what does the author do to make us care what happens to the main character)  · figurative language (how does the author's use irony, symbolism, etc. help create deeper levels of understanding of the theme the author is exploring) You are responsible for researching the writer/stories in at least two academic journal articles. You may not simply go out to the Internet for your sources, they will not be credited. You may also not simply provide a quote or two from the articles. You must demonstrate that you have read the articles in their entirety and how they have led to an understanding of the writer and/or the stories.

Factors Affecting Health Essay

Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Ageing population Youthful population Dependency Ratio www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Youthful Population – a population with a very high proportion of young people under the age of 15 Fold along here Dependency Ratio – the ratio between economically and noneconomically active population – normally expressed as a % www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION What is meant by the term ‘dependent population’? Yr 10 – Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Fold along here The people who are not working and are therefore dependent on the economically active population (ages 0-14 and 65+) www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Define the term Infant Mortality. The number of infants dying before the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year Fold along here Yr 10 – Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Population Distribution – how a population is spread out over an area Population Density – the number of people living in a given area 2 (people per km ) Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Population Distribution Population Density Population Explosion www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Population Explosion – a very rapid increase in population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION What does DTM stand for and what is it used to show? DTM stands for The Demographic Transition Model – this is a model showing population change over time in relation to changing birth and death rates and the consequent change in overall population Fold along here Yr 10 – Population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Natural Decrease – the fall in population caused by deaths exceeding births. Natural Increase – the rise in population caused by births exceeding deaths Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Natural Decrease Natural Increase Depopulation www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Depopulation – a decline in the numbers of people living in an area due to out-migration or changes in birth and death rates. www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Population Growth Rate – the increase in population over a year – normally expressed as a % Population Structure – the age and sex composition of a population Fold along here Define the following key terms: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Population Growth Rate Population Structure Population Pyramids www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Population Pyramid – a diagram used to show the age and sex of a population (also known as age-sex pyramids) www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Name the following case studies: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · A case study to show the consequences of an ageing population A case study to show the consequences of a youthful population A comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com A case study to show the consequences of an ageing population – UK – East Devon (Torbay) A case study to show the consequences of a youthful population – The Gambia (Africa) Fold along here A comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC – Philippines, Brazil & Germany www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Yr 10 – Population St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION Name the following case studies: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · A case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate An example of a densely populated area of the UK A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Fold along here ï‚ · Yr 10 – Population A case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate – China’s One Child Policy An example of a densely populated area in the UK – London and the South East A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) – Singapore’s â€Å"3 or more Policy† An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK – Scottish Highlands www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com St Ivo School Geography Department – GCSE REVISION The world’s population is unevenly distributed Some areas have a high population density eg, Asia / 2 Europe (75+people/km ) Other areas of the world have a low population density 2 e.g. Canada/Greenland and Russia (

Organic (Biological) Weathering Explained

Organic (Biological) Weathering Explained Organic weathering, also called bioweathering or biological weathering, is the general name for biological processes of weathering that break down rocks. This includes the physical penetration and growth of roots and digging activities of animals (bioturbation), as well as the action of lichens and moss on various minerals.   How Organic Weathering Fits Into the Larger Geological Picture Weathering is a process by which surface rock breaks down. Erosion is a process by which weathered rock is moved by natural forces such as wind, waves, water, and ice. There are three types of weathering: Physical or mechanical weathering (for example, water gets into cracks in rock and then freezes, pushing against the rock from the inside);Chemical weathering (for example, oxygen interacts with iron in rocks, causing the iron to turn to rust and thus weakening the rock)Organic or biological weathering (for example, the roots of a tree grow into boulders in the soil and splitting the boulders apart over time) While these different types of weathering can be described as different from one another, they also work together. For example, tree roots may split boulders more easily because the rocks have been weakened as a result of chemical or physical weathering.   Plant-Related Biological Weathering Tree roots, because of their size, cause a significant amount of biological weathering. But even much smaller plant-related actions can weather rocks. For example: Weeds pushing through road surfaces or cracks in boulders can expand gaps in the rock. These gaps fill with water. When the water freezes, the roads or boulders crack. Lichen (fungi and algae living together in a symbiotic relationship) can cause a great deal of weathering. Chemicals produced by fungi can break down the minerals in rocks. Algae consume the minerals. As this process of breakdown and consumption continues, rocks start to develop holes.  As described above, holes in rocks are vulnerable to physical weathering caused by the freeze/melt cycle. Animal-Related Biological Weathering Animal interactions with rock can cause significant weathering. As with plants, animals can set the stage for further physical and chemical weathering. For example: Tiny burrowing animals secrete acids or scrape their way into rock to create rocky burrows. This process weakens the rock and actually starts the weathering process.Larger animals leave feces or urine on rock. The chemicals in animal waste can corrode minerals in rock.Larger burrowing animals shift and move rock, creating spaces where water can accumulate and freeze. Human-Related Biological Weathering Human beings have a dramatic weathering effect. Even a simple path in the woods has an impact on the soil and rocks that make up the path. Major changes affected by humans include: Construction moving, scoring, and smashing rock for construction of buildings and transportation systemsMining massive projects involve stripping entire hillsides or making major changes to or removing rock from under the surface of the EarthAgriculture in addition to moving rocks to make farming possible, human beings also change the composition of the soil through fertilization and application of herbicides.

Liberal Party of Canada Essay Example

Liberal Party of Canada Essay Example Liberal Party of Canada Paper Liberal Party of Canada Paper What does the Liberal Party have to offer to Canadians? In the fall of 2002 Jean Chrà ©tien, Prime Mister and leader of the Liberal Party announced that he was planning to step down. The catch was he was going to step down after he had tidied up Canada. In the Speech of the Throne he set numerous goals, to accomplish before his resignation. His three main goals were to modernize health care, boost funding to the military and ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Chrà ©tien and the Liberals offer an active and positive change and an increase in spending on important issues. Chrà ©tien’s first initiative is to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol calls for a dramatic reduction of smog emissions. All Chrà ©tien is asking for is for Canadians to insulate their homes, change their driving habits and turn off the lights when they leave the room. His suggestion for improvements on cars was to use gasohol which burns more slowly, coolly, and completely. This results in reduced emissions of carbon dioxide and other emissions. Vehicles with a hybrid engine are another alternative; they run half on gas and half on electricity and are self charging. Solar powered houses can even make money for you if you can generate more power than you use. Home owners can switch to halogen or fluorescent light bulbs, turn off their VCRs, use front load washing machines and insulate their windows. As encouragement some provincial governments have issued rewards for home owners who can cut their emissions. Also the federal government is offering compensation to businesses that are hurt the most. These small things will help Canada reduce its emissions. Chrà ©tien has so far been known to cut funding in the military. He has cut a lot of funding and transferred it to other departments. Meanwhile the number of missions has almost tripled. Between 1990 and 2002 Canada’s military has had 79 missions, yet in the 41 years between 1948 and 1989 it only had 24 missions. Currently Canada is spending 12 billion dollars on the military per year. But the military still has out of date equipment, not enough men to operate the equipment safely and poorly funded training. Take Canada’s aging Sea King fleet, it has become a hazard to the people who use them. To fix this mess Chrà ©tien has formed a committee to examine possible places to get the money from and how to spend it. He is also spending 20 percent of the budget to repair aging equipment and he wants to buy new helicopters to replace the Sea Kings by February 2004. Chrà ©tien is expected to make our military a special unit task force instead of an all-purpose unit. Chrà ©tien has renewed his interest in improving Canada’s military and will soon invest more money each year to it. Another department Chrà ©tien plans to spend more on is health care. Health care is really a provincial issue but the Canadian government has stepped in and has helped support the service. The current problem in our health care system is the long line ups and the shortage of nurses and beds. The federal government used to split the funding of health care evenly with the provinces but it has pulled out and currently pays for 16% of the total cost. The provinces, especially Ontario have been pushing for the government to reinvest in health care and once again split the cost 50-50. Chrà ©tien has agreed to invest up to 5 billion dollars in the health care system. Our system is very effective compared to the amount we pay for it. In 1999 we paid half as much money on health care as the United States and we were still ranked 7 spots above them in an assessment of the world’s health care systems. The Americans are even desperate enough to come to Canada just to buy over the counter drugs. Chrà ©tien is against private health care but he is optimistic about home care. Roy Romanow has already expressed his support in home care and agrees it would help the system. Home care is cheap and it is less stressful on the patient. It is cheaper because the government is not paying for food, the family is. It is also beneficial for the patient because they can be around their personnel belongings. In Toronto there are only two companies that provide home care, Chrà ©tien plans to expand the service to all of Toronto and other cities. Another bonus to the home care plan is that it will reduce dependency on the hospitals and reduce line ups. Chrà ©tien will release his final plan in the February budget after consulting Senator Kirby’s and Roy Romanow’s reports. Chrà ©tien and the Liberals offer an active and direct increase in funding to the key problems currently facing Canada. The Liberals have pushed forward in negotiations to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. They plan to ratify it in December and give rewards to home owners and compensation to businesses that are hard hit. They have reinvested in the military and are planning to upgrade outdated equipment and increase the number of soldiers. Chrà ©tien also plans to give an increased amount of money each year to the health care system. He is expected to enlarge the home care system to more areas in Canada’s major cities. This will reduce costs, patients stress and line ups in hospitals. With these changes Chrà ©tien will bring major improvements to Canada.

Understanding Inclusive Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Understanding Inclusive Education - Essay Example Hence, according to Ferguson, the biggest challenge of the time is to have learning opportunities available to every one and all the time, no matter where the learner resides and what kind of physical fitness he possesses. Thomazet (2009) discusses, in his research, the important of inclusive education. According to him, inclusive education means providing learning opportunities to students with special needs in ordinary institutes. He asserts that inclusive education tends to integrate such differentiating practices that â€Å"allow children and adolescents, whatever their difficulties or disabilities, to find in an ordinary school an educational response, appropriate in its aims and means, in ways that do not differentiate between them and the other pupils of the school† (2009: 563). Such practices make the school inclusive, and benefit the students in a myriad of ways. All special needs are catered to, as the school and the educators take the responsibility of including the student in every activity and learning process. Inclusiveness is the next step to integration, states Thomazet (2009). Forlin et al. (2009) conducted a research regarding demographic differences in changing pre?service teachers’ attitudes, sentiments and concerns about inclusive education. The researchers conducted their study on an international data set of 603 pre?service teachers to determine how their demographics changed their attitudes toward inclusive education, and found that inclusive classrooms have raised the need for teachers of regular schools to get prepared to teach diverse student population. The researchers emphasized the importance of teacher training, because they thought that teachers were the primary initiators of inclusive educators. According to them, it is... This paper approves that dyslexia is a learning disability, and teaching dyslexic children in mainstream schools involves specially designed teaching strategies. It is important to understand the problems of such children in classroom, in order to plan lessons accordingly. Such children with special needs require special support with their learning styles. This essay makes a conclusion that it must be said that children with special needs require the same level of attention, or perhaps even more, as their normal peers. They must be given the same level of educational services, and must be provided necessary modification in their instructional process, so that their learning may be enhanced. Including children with special needs or with learning/physical disabilities in learning and performing in classrooms can be a very challenging task for teachers. It is crucially important to encourage inclusive education, in which the classroom is converted into such a learning environment where students with special needs are encouraged to learn and develop self-confidence, without having to face ridicule. Holistic environment in classroom setting and learning style assessment are the most important inclusive practices that must be ensured in order to provide equal learning opportunities to students belonging to all age and capability categories. In short, this paper pondered upon the concept of inclusive education in great detail, and focused on the fact that inclusive education must be ensured in order to improve the level of education of a country. This paper can prove to be very helpful as a guide toward inclusive education for educators, students, and parents.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case Study Example While this move is anticipated to benefit China’s trading partners, since they will be in a position to reap the benefit of a flexible currency exchange rate, which includes increasing the value of their exports to China, there is some dissent view amongst some economists, that doing that will have a negative implication on China and consequently on its trading partners (Alfaro and Tella, 7). On the event that China would make its currency exchange rate more flexible, a high rate of deflation will be experienced in China, which would result to economic decline. This is because; making the exchange rate flexible would mean that the Chinese currency will lose some value relative to other currencies, such as the US dollar. This would mean that the cost of doing business in china will increase, since the multinational corporations and other foreign investments to china will be force to cater for the cost of increased inflation. This might result to having most of the foreign inves tments or the multinational companies moving out of the Chinese market, and seeking to invest in other countries, where the cost of doing business will be relatively lower (Alfaro and Tella, 18). ... The Chinese economy operated under the principles of communism, until reforms were introduced to make it a socialist economy, with private ownership of property and increased reforms in agriculture, state-owned enterprises, banking sector, trade and foreign investment policies, which saw China increase its GDP growth by 9.5% annually, and increase its trade from 10% of GDP to 79% of GDP between 1978 to 2004 (Alfaro and Tella, 15). The most significant change was in foreign investment policies, where China pursued policies that allowed for high foreign investment, resulting to having 50% of Chinas exports being produced by foreign investors by 2004 (Alfaro and Tella, 16). China pursued foreign direct investment into its economy more than borrowing loans, an aspect that saw the FDI account for more than 70% of its capital inflow in the early 2000s. However, the pressure of investment into china reached to a position of imbalance with the household consumption, prompting the Chinese gov ernment to slow down its pursuit for investment, to encourage household consumptions, so that the pressures of investment and consumption would level off. Thus, as opposed to focusing on revaluing the exchange rates, the Chinese government started focusing on domestic policies that would enhance consumption starting 2005 (Alfaro and Tella, 22). Both the domestic policy and the exchange rate revaluation have the impact of increasing deflationary pressure, while increasing the cost of doing business for foreign investors. This calls for a further adjustment to such businesses, which may include increasing their sales in China to cover up for the increased costs, or shifting their businesses to other countries which have less cost of doing business. Therefore, as much as there